Chronic venous outflow obstruction: An important cause of chronic venous disease

Chronic venous outflow obstruction is a significant cause of chronic venous disease and therefore chronic morbidity. When conservative measures fail, intervention through deep venous reconstructive techniques should be considered. Referral should be considered in all patients with features of chronic venous disease that are life-affecting. Imaging relies primarily on duplex ultrasonography, supplemented by computed tomographic and magnetic resonance venography, and intraoperatively by intravascular ultrasonography. Intervention is primary endovenous, using angioplasty and stenting. Open surgical procedures are used in very select patients.

Pathophysiology of Varicose Veins

Veins Disease Treatment - Vein Specialists of the Carolinas

a, Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) shows trabeculations in the

JCM, Free Full-Text

Ulcers of the right lower leg with surrounding hyperpigmentation

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens from radiation-induced venous stenosis

Combination between Dunbar Syndrome and May–Thurner Syndrome

Suggested classification of hepatic venous outflow obstruction.

Pelvic venous disorders. Embracing the new SVP classification

Endovascular Management of Chronic Inferior Vena Cava and Iliac Vein Obstruction

Preventing venous thromboembolism in surgical patients

Clinical and pathological correlations in inflammatory bowel