Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

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Marie-Louise de Habsburg-Lorraine was born on 12 December, 1791, in Vienna. Her parents, Francis II, who succeeded his father, Leopold II, as Holy Roman Emperor on 1 March, 1792, and Maria Theresa of Naples were both related to Marie-Antoinette. Raised by her various governesses, she had a bourgeois but happy upbringing despite the difficulties imposed upon her after her family’s exile in 1805. This experience developed into a distinct aversion to France and a loathing of the one known as the “Corsican ogre”. Upon her marriage to Napoleon I, Marie-Louise became Empress, which she would remain for four years. Napoleon did not have to wait long for an heir: on 20 March, 1811, after a long and difficult labour, Marie-Louise gave birth to a son, who received the title of Roi de Rome. Nicknamed “the eaglet”, he was conferred to Madame de Montesquiou, who would become his governess. Marie-Louise’s life was governed by ceremony and etiquette. Josephine’s chambers in every one of the imperial palaces were refurbished for her, and strict protocol imprisoned the young lady in a golden cage. She fulfilled her representative role with diligence and conducted herself with dignity.

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791-1847) on engraving from 1859. Second wife of Napoleon I Stock Photo - Alamy

Bodleian Libraries, Louis XVIII climbing the mât de cocagne - PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine Public Domain Search

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie louise of parma hi-res stock photography and images - Alamy

67 19th century portrait photographs of sitting women at half length Images: PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine Public Domain Search

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie louise of parma hi-res stock photography and images - Alamy

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections

Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma, second wife to Napoleon Bonaparte 1791-1847. Handcoloured lithograph from Le Bibliophile Jacob aka Paul Lacroix's Costumes Historiques de la France (Historical Costumes of France)

Marie Louise, Empress of the French, Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, 1791-1847. Second wife of Napoleon I. Engraved by Heath. - Album alb1653908

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1791–1847) PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine collections